Mauritania holds the top position in the Arab world in the Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders. However, behind this favourable ranking, the media and journalists face significant challenges, chief among them the ambiguity surrounding the definition of a "journalist" and the capacity of media professionals to fulfil their roles in accountability and oversight. Despite official efforts, the defining feature of Mauritania’s media landscape remains its persistent state of fluctuation.

From underground newsletters during the Intifadas to livestreams from Gaza, Palestinian journalism has evolved into a decentralised digital practice of witnessing under occupation. This article examines how citizen journalists, fixers and freelancers have not only filled gaps left by international media, but fundamentally transformed how Palestine is reported, remembered and understood.

Are podcasters, content creators, and influencers really journalists, or has the word 'journalist' been stretched so thin that it now covers anyone holding a microphone and an opinion? If there is a difference, where does it sit? Is it in method, mission, accountability, or something else? And in a media landscape built on noise, how do we separate a journalist from someone who produces content for clicks, followers or sponsors

As digital transformation reshapes the media landscape, newspapers in Cameroon are navigating unprecedented challenges and opportunities. This evolution compels them to adapt their strategies to engage a new generation of readers amidst fierce online competition, decreasing government subsidies, and a decline in print sales.

Journalism colleges in Somalia are struggling to survive due to outdated curricula, lack of practical training, insufficient funding, and a shortage of qualified educators, leading to declining student enrollment and interest. Despite efforts by institutions like Mogadishu University and Hormuud University to revive journalism education, these challenges persist, threatening the future of journalism in the country.