أزمة الصحافة.. المكاتب بديلا عن الميدان

أزمة الصحافة.. المكاتب بديلا عن الميدان

مرت الصحافة العربية والعالمية بكثير من العوائق منذ بداية تأسيسها وحتى يومنا هذا. وكانت تلك العوائق تخضع للظروف السياسية والاجتماعية والتقنية في ذلك الوقت. واليوم، تبرز على السطح تحديات وإشكالات تنبع جميعها من منبع واحد وهي الثورة التقنية التي أحدثت انقلابا في كثير من القطاعات ومنها الصحافة.

ورغم كل ما يقال عن الإسهامات التي قدمتها تلك الثورة لمهنة الصحافة إلا أنها خلقت في ذات الوقت قلقا في أوساط الصحفيين الذين لم يدركوا تماما أنه ما من وصفة سحرية معدّة للتعامل مع تلك الثورة رغم المحاولات المتعددة والتجارب.

روي غرينسلاند، أستاذ الصحافة في جامعة سيتي البريطانية ورئيس التحرير السابق لصحيفة ديلي ميرور، طرح إحدى تلك الإشكاليات في مقاله المنشور بصحيفة الغارديان، حيث دعا للتفريق ما بين ملّاك الصحف أو الناشرين والصحفيين.

ودون أن يوجّه لوماً أو نقداً مباشرين، سعى غرينسلاند لتشريح الإشكالية المتمثلة في هدف كل طرف. فالناشر  في نهاية المطاف يبحث عن مردود مالي بينما يهتم الصحفي الجاد بتقديم "خدمة اجتماعية".

ولا يخفى على أحد ما تواجهه الصحف المطبوعة اليوم من التهديد بالإغلاق، كما وجد صحفيون كثر أنفسهم بلا وظائف أو على وشك فقدانها. التخفيضات المالية باتت شبحا يطارد الصحفيين والمراسلين مصحوبا بظروف عمل سيئة تتمثل بانعدام الأمان الوظيفي، وخصوصا في ما يتعلق بالصحفيين المستقلين والعمل لساعات طويلة والضغط الناشئ عن استعجال المدراء لإنتاج الأخبار في وقت قصير للتأقلم مع البئية الرقمية السريعة.

ولا ينطبق هذا الحال –بحسب غريسلاند- على بريطانيا فحسب، بل إن الأزمة قد امتدت لتصل كثيرا من الدول كالولايات المتحدة وأستراليا ومعظم الدول الأوروبية، ونضيف إلى ما سبق، الدول العربية.

وفي سبيل فهم أكثر فقد فرّق غريسلاند ما بين أصحاب الصحف المهتمين بالربح فقط كسلاسل الشركات المتحكمة بمعظم الصحف الإقليمية في المملكة المتحدة، وأصحاب الصحف المنشورة بهدف البريستيج والنفوذ السياسي والدعائي،  وملّاك صحف (ناشرين) يطمحون لتعزيز قيم الحرية والمهنية بعيدا عن المصالح التجارية أو السياسية مثل صحف الغارديان والأوبزيرفر وذا سكوت تراست.

ومع هذا فلا يمكن بأي حال إغفال أهمية التمويل في استمرارية الصحيفة، وكيف أدت الثورة التقنية إلى تراجع المردود المالي الناتج عن مبيعات الصحف منذ 150 عاما.

هذه الأزمة تؤثر على الناشرين أولا وهم الممولون الرئيسيون للصحف، وتدفع الصحفيين لتوجيه اللوم للناشرين بسبب إجراءات التخفيضات التي ينتهجها الأخيرون.

التخفيضات المالية يتبعها تراجع دور العمل الميداني الحقيقي والذي يواجه به الصحفي التغطيات وجها لوجه ويظهر فيه شهود العيان، فأضحى الصحفي يقضي الوقت الأطول ملتصقا بالمكتب وبعيدا عن الشارع وخصوصا في ظل ظهور نوع جديد من الصحافة هو صحافة البيانات.

وللاقتراب أكثر من فهم الأزمة، لا بد من أخذ الجمهور بعين الاعتبار، فقد اختلف عن السابق وتنوعت شرائحه وتوسعت. ورغم عدم اعتراف الصحفيين بشرعية أرقام نسب المشاهدة التي تتأثر بصائد النقرات إلا أنه لا يمكنهم إنكار دور الإعلانات في جذب القراء.

فالمراسلون بدورهم بحاجة لمزيد من النفقات لإعداد قصص صحفية جادة ترفع من قيمة الصحيفة التي يعملون بها لكنها لا تحقق جدوى اقتصادية، وبسبب ذلك يرى الناشر ألا جدوى من الصحفي نفسه الذي يتطلب وجوده رأس مال معين. الصحفي بدوره يعتقد أن ما يقوم به الناشر هو تدمير الخدمة العامة.

إذا –وبحسب غرينسلاند- فإن جزءا من علاج المشكلة هو تمكّن الصحفيين الجادين من التفريق بين الأزمات التي تواجه الناشرين وتلك التي تواجه الصحفيين، وعليهم التمييز بين الصحافة كتجارة وبينها كخدمة اجتماعية.

هذا التجاذب بين الطرفين لن يؤدي سوى إلى مزيد من التعقيد، والأجدى لتفكيك العُقد هو تعاون ملّاك الصحف أو الناشرين مع الصحفيين لإنقاذ الصحافة الجادة مع إيجاد حلول بديلة لمسألة التمويل.

 

More Articles

Cameroonian Journalists at the Center of Fighting Illegal Fishing

While the EU’s red card to Cameroon has undeniably tarnished its image, it has paradoxically unlocked the potential of Cameroonian journalists and ignited a movement poised to reshape the future. Through this shared struggle, journalists, scientists, conservationists, storytellers, and government officials have united, paving the way for a new era of ocean advocacy.

Shuimo Trust Dohyee
Shuimo Trust Dohyee Published on: 21 Aug, 2024
The Gaza Journalist and the "Heart and Mind" Struggle

Inside the heart of a Palestinian journalist living in Gaza, there are two personas: one is a human who wants to protect his own life and that of his family, and the other is a journalist committed to safeguarding the lives of the people by holding on to the truth and staying in the field. Between these two extremes, or what journalist Maram Hamid describes as the struggle between the heart and the mind, the Palestinian journalist continues to share a narrative that the occupation intended to keep "away from the camera."

Maram
Maram Humaid Published on: 18 Aug, 2024
Journalists Recount the Final Moments of Ismail Al-Ghoul

Journalists remembering the slain reporter of Al Jazeera in Northern Gaza, Ismail Al Ghoul. "He insisted on continuing his coverage from the northern part of the Gaza Strip, despite the challenges and obstacles he faced. He was arrested and interrogated by the Israeli army, his brother was killed in an Israeli airstrike, and his father passed away during treatment abroad."

Mohammad Abu Don
Mohammad Abu Don Published on: 11 Aug, 2024
Analysis: Media Disinformation and UK Far-Right Riots

Analysis on the impact of media disinformation on public opinion, particularly during UK riots incited by far-right groups. A look at how sensationalist media can directly influence audience behavior, as per the Hypodermic Needle Theory, leading to normalized discrimination and violence. The need for responsible journalism is emphasized to prevent such harmful effects.

Anam Hussain
Anam Hussain Published on: 8 Aug, 2024
Challenges for Female Journalists in Crisis Zones of Cameroon

Testimonies of what female journalists in Cameroon are facing and how they are challenging these difficulties.

Akem
Akem Nkwain Published on: 30 Jul, 2024
From TV Screens to YouTube: The Rise of Exiled Journalists in Pakistan

Pakistani journalists are leveraging YouTube to overcome censorship, connecting with global audiences, and redefining independent reporting in their homeland.

Anam Hussain
Anam Hussain Published on: 28 Jul, 2024
Daughters of Data: African Female Journalists Using Data to Reveal Hidden Truths

A growing network of African women journalists, data scientists, and tech experts is amplifying female voices and highlighting underreported stories across the continent by producing data-driven projects and leveraging digital technologies in storytelling.

Nalova Akua
Nalova Akua Published on: 23 Jul, 2024
Are Podcasts the Future of African Broadcasting?

The surge of podcasts across Africa is a burgeoning trend, encompassing a wide array of themes and subjects, and swiftly expanding across various nations.

Derick Matsengarwodzi
Derick Matsengarwodzi Published on: 11 Jul, 2024
Video Volunteers: How India’s Marginalised Groups Tell Their Own Stories

Video creators like Rohini Pawar and Shabnam Begum have transcended societal challenges by producing influential videos with Video Volunteers, highlighting social issues within marginalized communities. Their work exemplifies the transformative power of storytelling in fostering grassroots change and empowerment across India.

Hanan Zaffa
Hanan Zaffar, Jyoti Thakur Published on: 3 Jul, 2024
Climate Journalism in Vietnam's Censored Landscape

In Vietnam, climate journalists face challenges due to censorship and restrictions on press freedom, making it difficult to report environmental issues accurately. Despite these obstacles, there are still journalists working to cover climate stories creatively and effectively, highlighting the importance of climate journalism in addressing environmental concerns.

AJR Contributor Published on: 26 Jun, 2024
Challenges of Investigating Subculture Stories in Japan as a Foreign Correspondent

Japan's vibrant subcultures and feminist activists challenge the reductive narratives often portrayed in Western media. To understand this dynamic society authentically, journalists must approach their reporting with patience, commitment, and empathy, shedding preconceptions and engaging deeply with the nuances of Japanese culture.

Johann Fleuri
Johann Fleuri Published on: 24 Jun, 2024
Covering the War on Gaza: As a Journalist, Mother, and Displaced Person

What takes precedence: feeding a hungry child or providing professional coverage of a genocidal war? Journalist Marah Al Wadiya shares her story of balancing motherhood, displacement, psychological turmoil, and the relentless struggle to find safety in an unsafe region.

Marah Al Wadiya
Marah Al Wadiya Published on: 29 May, 2024
Fighting Misinformation and Disinformation to Foster Social Governance in Africa

Experts in Africa are using various digital media tools to raise awareness and combat the increasing usage of misinformation and disinformation to manipulate social governance.

Derick Matsengarwodzi
Derick Matsengarwodzi Published on: 22 May, 2024
"I Am Still Alive!": The Resilient Voices of Gaza's Journalists

The Israeli occupation has escalated from targeting journalists to intimidating and killing their families. Hisham Zaqqout, Al Jazeera's correspondent in Gaza talks about his experience covering the war and the delicate balance between family obligations and professional duty.

Hisham Zakkout Published on: 15 May, 2024
Under Fire: The Perilous Reality for Journalists in Gaza's War Zone

Journalists lack safety equipment and legal protection, highlighting the challenges faced by journalists in Gaza. While Israel denies responsibility for targeting journalists, the lack of international intervention leaves journalists in Gaza exposed to daily danger.

Linda Shalash
Linda Shalash Published on: 9 May, 2024
Elections and Misinformation – India Case Study

Realities are hidden behind memes and political satire in the battle for truth in the digital age. Explore how misinformation is influencing political decisions and impacting first-time voters, especially in India's 2024 elections, and how journalists fact-check and address fake news, revealing the true impact of misinformation and AI-generated content.

Safina
Safina Nabi Published on: 30 Apr, 2024
Amid Increasing Pressure, Journalists in India Practice More Self-Censorship

In a country where nearly 970 million people are participating in a crucial general election, the state of journalism in India is under scrutiny. Journalists face harassment, self-censorship, and attacks, especially under the current Modi-led government. Mainstream media also practices self-censorship to avoid repercussions. The future of journalism in India appears uncertain, but hope lies in the resilience of independent media outlets.

Hanan Zaffa
Hanan Zaffar, Jyoti Thakur Published on: 25 Apr, 2024
The Privilege and Burden of Conflict Reporting in Nigeria: Navigating the Emotional Toll

The internal struggle and moral dilemmas faced by a conflict reporter, as they grapple with the overwhelming nature of the tragedies they witness and the sense of helplessness in the face of such immense suffering. It ultimately underscores the vital role of conflict journalism in preserving historical memory and giving a voice to the voiceless.

Hauwa Shaffii Nuhu
Hauwa Shaffii Nuhu Published on: 17 Apr, 2024
Journalism in chains in Cameroon

Investigative journalists in Cameroon sometimes use treacherous means to navigate the numerous challenges that hamper the practice of their profession: the absence of the Freedom of Information Act, the criminalisation of press offenses, and the scare of the overly-broad anti-terrorism law.

Nalova Akua
Nalova Akua Published on: 12 Apr, 2024
The Perils of Journalism and the Rise of Citizen Media in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia's media landscape is grim, with low rankings for internet and press freedom across the region. While citizen journalism has risen to fill the gaps, journalists - both professional and citizen - face significant risks due to government crackdowns and the collusion between tech companies and authorities to enable censorship and surveillance.

AJR Contributor Published on: 6 Apr, 2024
Silenced Voices: The Battle for Free Expression Amid India’s Farmer’s Protest

The Indian government's use of legal mechanisms to suppress dissenting voices and news reports raises questions about transparency and freedom of expression. The challenges faced by independent media in India indicate a broader narrative of controlling the narrative and stifling dissenting voices.

Suvrat Arora
Suvrat Arora Published on: 17 Mar, 2024
Targeting Truth: Assault on Female Journalists in Gaza

For female journalists in Palestine, celebrating international women's rights this year must take a backseat, as they continue facing the harsh realities of conflict. March 8th will carry little celebration for them, as they grapple with the severe risks of violence, mass displacement, and the vulnerability of abandonment amidst an ongoing humanitarian crisis. Their focus remains on bearing witness to human suffering and sharing stories of resilience from the frontlines, despite the personal dangers involved in their work.

Fatima Bashir
Fatima Bashir Published on: 14 Mar, 2024
A Woman's Journey Reporting on Pakistan's Thrilling Cholistan Desert Jeep Rally

A Woman's Voice in the Desert: Navigating the Spotlight

Anam Hussain
Anam Hussain Published on: 8 Mar, 2024
Breaking Barriers: The Rise of Citizen Journalists in India's Fight for Media Inclusion

Grassroots journalists from marginalized communities in India, including Dalits and Muslims, are challenging mainstream media narratives and bringing attention to underreported issues through digital outlets like The Mooknayak.

Hanan Zaffa
Hanan Zaffar, Jyoti Thakur Published on: 3 Mar, 2024