سي أن أن.. ثغرة تهز عرش الصدقية

سي أن أن.. ثغرة تهز عرش الصدقية

لعل أكثر ما يتردَّد في أروقة المؤسسات الإعلامية مصطلحا "الصدقية" و"الموضوعية"، رغم أن الكثير من تلك المؤسسات لا يوليهما اهتماما حقيقيا في الواقع. وقد أثبتت خبرات متراكمة أن المتابعين عادة ما ينجرّون وراء المؤسسات الإعلامية التي تشاطرهم آراءهم لأنهم يريدون سماع ما يرغبون بسماعه وإن لم يكن حقيقيا أو افتقد للموضوعية والحياد. يلاحظ هذا من خلال ما ينشره مستخدمو وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي من أخبار على صفحاتهم توائم أفكارهم ومعتقداتهم ومواقفهم السياسية.. فهل ينطبق الأمر ذاته على الصحفيين العاملين في المؤسسات الإعلامية؟

نظريا، يقتضي الحياد أن يتحقق الصحفي من الأخبار التي تصله ولا يكتفي بمصدر واحد، بيد أن الواقع الإعلامي شهد حالات كان يذاع فيها خبر من "شاهد عيان" واحد فقط، ولربما وجدت المؤسسة الإعلامية نفسها مجبرة على نشر ذلك الخبر خضوعا للسبق ملحقة الخبر بجملة "لم يتسنّ التأكد منه".. جملة لا تعفي قائلها من تحمل مسؤولية النشر اتباعا لقاعدة تقول "الأفضل أن تكون الثاني على صواب، من أن تكون الأول على خطأ".

هذا فيما يتعلق بنشر خبر عاجل، أما ما يخص التحقيقات الصحفية فالأمر يختلف والتبريرات تقلُّ؛ إذ لها قواعد وأصول أكثر تشدّدا وهي تندرج تحت الصحافة البطيئة التي تتطلّب صبرا ودقة أكثر.

الصحفيون أيضا ينتظرون أخبارا تتناسب مع فرضياتهم وآرائهم وإن كان من المفترض أن يكون تناولهم لها بطريقة أكثر حذرا من الأشخاص العاديين، إلا أن هذا لا يمنع أن ينزلقوا هم أنفسهم على أرضية أخبار غير مؤكدة لإثبات وجهات نظرهم.

حدث هذا في مؤسسات إعلامية كبرى، اضطرت بعد نشرها أخبارا غير صحيحة لتقديم اعتذارها لمتابعيها، ولم يعد أمر كهذا مستغربا في ظل تدفق قوي لسيول من الأخبار على مدار اليوم، يحرم أي مؤسسة مهما كبر فريق محقّقي الأخبار فيها من التأكد من صحة تلك الأخبار بشكل كامل.

موظفو السي أن أن.. قربان الصدقية

مؤخرا، تجاوزت قناة الـ"سي أن أن" الاعتذار لقبول استقالة ثلاثة من موظفيها إثر نشرهم مقالا يتحدث عن علاقة تربط ما بين أنتوني سكاراموتشي، أحد المقربين من الرئيس الأميركي دونالد ترامب وصندوق الاستثمار الروسي.

ولم تكتف السي أن أن بسحب التقرير كاعتراف منها بعدم إقراره، بل قبلت استقالة الموظفين الثلاثة مفسحة المجال لعلامة استفهام حائرة تتساءل إن كان قبول الاستقالة أمرا منصفا أم مبالغا به.

ولهذا خلفية أخرى تعود للوراء قليلا ندرك من خلال قراءتنا لها، أن العلاقة بين ترامب وقناة السي أن أن ليست على يرام. فمنذ حملته الانتخابية لمنصبه الحالي، دأبت معظم وسائل الإعلام الأميركية ومن بينها السي أن أن، على دعم منافسته هيلاري كلينتون. كما كان ترامب قد رفض سؤالا طرحه عليه صحفي من السي أن أن في أول مؤتمر صحفي عقد بعد فوزه بالرئاسة معلّقا بأنها (قناة السي أن أن) تنشر أخبارا مزيفة، وكانت القناة أول من نشر مذكرة تضمنت معلومات، لم تؤكدها المخابرات الأميركية، عن امتلاك روسيا معلومات غير أخلاقية متعلقة بترامب بهدف ابتزازه.

إنكار ترامب المتكرر لما تنشره السي أن أن وعدم توفيره مناسبة دون مهاجمة وسائل الإعلام الأميركية التي أكد انحيازها لمنافسته، كان يقتضي حكمة أكثر من هذه الوسائل عامة ومن السي أن أن خاصة التي تضع صدقيتها على المحك أمام عدم وجود إثباتات كاملة على ادعاءاتها؛ إذ بررت سحبها لتقريرها الأخير أنه معتمد على مصدر مجهول واحد وأنها عادة ما تعتمد على مصادر متعددة.

فنشر تقرير أو تحقيق قبل التأكد الكامل من صحة المعلومات الواردة فيه، يشبه حرق "طبخة" ما عوضا عن إنضاجها على نار هادئة ويكشف عن التسرع الناتج عن موائمة الخبر غير الأكيد لتحيزات الصحفي الشخصية.

ورغم أن السي أن أن لم تكتب نفيا كاملا للمعلومات الواردة فيه، لكنها وضحت أن آلية النشر لا تتوافق مع سياساتها التحريرية لنفهم أن نشر المعلومات نفسها "لو كانت مؤكدة" لن تسبب لها أي إشكالية بل الإشكال يكمن في آلية النشر. صحيح أن الاعتذار كان مباشرا لسكاراموتشي لكنه أيضا موجه للقراء ولمهنة الصحافة نفسها.

لا شك أن الصحفيين الذي نشروا التقرير ذوو خبرة وليسوا هواة، لكن ثغرة واحدة في عمل الصحفي تتعلق بالصدقية، كفيلة بتهديد مستقبله المهني وهز الثقة بالمؤسسة الإعلامية، التي يبدو أنها في حالة السي أن أن قد قررت تقديم موظفيها قرابين ضمانا لإثبات مهنيتها.

 

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