نصائح للصحفي في تغطية المشهد الأفغاني

نصائح للصحفي في تغطية المشهد الأفغاني

في خضم الحرب والفوضى والاستقطاب السياسي.. تضيع الحقيقة. كيف يتعامل الصحفي مع تغطية المشهد الأفغاني بعد انسحاب القوات الأمريكية وسيطرة حركة طالبان بعيدا عن الاصطفاف السياسي، ومحاولات التضليل، وممارسة صحافة الرأي على حساب الصحافة المدفوعة بالبيانات؟ 

حاول فريق مجلة الصحافة جمع بعض النصائح في سبيل تعزيز الممارسة المهنية. وهي لا تقتصر على الصحفيين الذين يغطون الأحداث من داخل أفغانستان، وإنما تخاطب أيضا الذين يحاولون متابعة الشأن الأفغاني وتقديمه لجمهورهم في إطار الأخبار الدولية سواء من خلال التعامل مع وكالات الأنباء أو شهود العيان أو المصادر المفتوحة على المنصات الرقمية.

 

- وظيفة الصحفي هي نقل الحقيقة للجمهور، ومراقبة السلطة ورصد التجاوزات والانتهاكات من أي طرف. ليس مطلوبا منه اتخاذ موقف إزاء الأطراف السياسية المتنازعة خاصة في ظل الاستقطاب السياسي. 

- أخلاقيات المهنة تدفع باتجاه التعاطف مع الضحايا واللاجئين والمهمشين ومنحهم صوتا أعلى في التغطية الصحفية، وتسليط الضوء على معاناتهم مقابل أصوات الأطراف السياسية.

-  حاول التواصل مع الجهات الحقوقية أو المنظمات الإنسانية وراجع تقاريرها السابقة للوقوف على حقيقة الأوضاع الإنسانية

- أخذ التهديدات التي يتعرض لها الناس على محمل الجد. لا يريد الصحفي أن يتجاهل نداءات أشخاص تحت ذريعة "الادعاء" ثم يراهم ضحايا في وقت لاحق.

- العاصمة الأفغانية كابل في قلب الحدث، وتوجه إليها الكاميرات لأنها مقر النخبة السياسية والبعثات الدبلوماسية والمؤسسات الدولية.. لكن أفغانستان ليست كابل فقط. 

- يتعين على الصحفي أن يترك مسافة بين الرأي والخبر. انحيازه لأي طرف والتعبير عن رأيه الخاص في مساحته الخاصة قد يزعزع مصداقيته في التغطية ومصداقية المؤسسة التي يعمل بها.

- لا تخش من فكرة "العزلة" إذا كانت المعلومات التي توصلت إليها مخالفة للتيار السائد خاصة على شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي.. تمسك بالحقيقة المعززة بالأدلة ودافع عنها.

- عدم التأثر بالتغطيات الإعلامية السائدة أو وجهات النظر الرسمية، ومحاولة تقديم وجهات النظر الغائبة. من حق الجمهور معرفة ما يجري والاطلاع على رواية كل الأطراف بشكل متوازن دون تغليب رواية على أخرى. 

- تجنب إطلاق الأحكام المسبقة والتصنيفات أو القفز إلى الاستنتاجات دون معطيات.

- تذكر دائما أن الدقة مقدمة على السبق الصحفي.. اعتمد على مصادر متعددة لذات الخبر.

- الاعتماد على المصادر المفتوحة (مواطنون صحفيون أو شهود من عين المكان) دون الاقتصار على المصادر التقليدية كالمراسلين ووكالات الأنباء، مع إخضاع المحتوى لآليات التحقق والتثبت.

- تحقق من كل ما تراه على المنصات الرقمية خاصة مع تنامي فرص انتشار الأخبار الزائفة. رغبتك بأن يكون حدث ما صحيحا، لا يعني أنه صحيح بالضرورة. قد يكون ما يحركك هنا هو ظاهرة تسمى بـ "الانحياز التوكيدي Confirmation Bias". 

- الانتباه لمحاولات التضليل الإعلامي ومحاولة طرف ما الترويج لروايته باستخدام الحسابات الآلية، أو التأثير بـ "الترند" والأكثر تداولا.

- الناس الموجودون في الشارع ليسوا هم القصص التي تحتاج أن تروى فقط، من آثروا الاختفاء والبقاء في المنازل خوفا على حياتهم قد يمتلكون قصة بذات الأهمية. 

- من المهم رصد التغيرات على مظاهر الحياة اليومية في ظل سلطة الحكم الجديدة، والتأكد من ظهور أو اختفاء أنماط معينة من الحياة اليومية في الشوارع. 

- إذا كان الصحفي مرافقا لمسلحين ولم يكن قادرا على ممارسة مهنته بحرية مطلقة، فعليه الإشارة إلى ذلك بأي طريقة متاحة للمشاهد. 

- قد يتعرض الأشخاص الذين يقابلهم الصحفي للخطر بسبب تعبيرهم عن آرائهم أيا كانت، لذلك يجب على الصحفي حماية مصادره وضمان سلامتهم.

- حاول أن تفهم السياقات الثقافية والاجتماعية بما في ذلك الأقليات العرقية والدينية، لتقديم تغطية شاملة قدر الإمكان.

- تذكر دائما أن تحافظ على سلامتك وسلامة العاملين معك في الميدان.

 

 

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